តើគួរហៅអ្នកកាន់សាសនាឥស្លាមនៅកម្ពុជាថា "ខ្មែរឥស្លាម" ឬ "[ខ្មែរ]មូស្លីម"?

          មហាជនជាច្រើននៅក្នុងសង្គមកម្ពុជាហាក់នៅមានភាពស្រពិចស្រពិលនិងវែកញែកមិនទាន់ច្បាស់លាស់ក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់ពាក្យ “ខ្មែរឥស្លាម” នៅពេល​ដែលពួកគាត់ចង់សំដៅលើជនដែលកាន់សាសនាឥស្លាមនៅកម្ពុជារាប់ទាំងជនជាតិចាមនិងជនជាតិខ្មែរ។ មានមនុស្សមិនតិចទេក្នុងនោះរួមមានស្ថាប័នពត៌មាន អ្នកសារពត៌មាន អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់បណ្តាញសង្គម និងអ្នកមានចំណេះដឹងមួយចំនួនបាននឹងកំពុងប្រើប្រាស់និងយល់ខុសពីអត្ថន័យនៃពាក្យ “ខ្មែរឥស្លាម” ត្បិតប្រហែលជាពួកគាត់មិនទាន់ឃើញមានអ្នកបកស្រាយទៅលើរឿងនេះក៏អាចថាបាន។

         បើយើងនិយាយពីភាពឡូហ្សិច ការប្រើប្រាស់ពាក្យ “ខ្មែរឥស្លាម” ហាក់មិនទាន់មានភាពត្រឹមត្រូវនោះទេ ត្បិត ពាក្សថា “ខ្មែរ” គឺសំដៅលើជនជាតិមួយ ចំណែកឯពាក្យ “ឥស្លាម” គឺសំដៅលើសាសនាមួយ។ អ៊ីចឹង យើងមិនគួភ្ជាប់ជនជាតិមួយទៅនឹងសាសានាមួយនោះទេ គ្រាន់ចង់សំដៅល់បគ្គុលណាម្នាក់ដែលកាន់សាសនាជាក់លាក់ណាមួយ។ ឧទាហរណ៍ថាមានបគ្គុលម្នាក់ដែលជាជនជាតិខ្មែរហើយគោរពព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា ជាសាសនារបស់ខ្លួននោះ យើងមិនគួហៅគាត់ថាជា “ខ្មែរព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា”​ នោះទេ នៅពេលយើងចង់សំដៅដល់បគ្គុលនោះជាអ្នកគោរពព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា ត្បិតវាមានភាពឆ្គាំឆ្គង។ នៅក្នុងន័យនេះយើងអាចហៅគាត់ថា “ពុទ្ធសាសនិក​ (ខ្មែរ?)” ត្បិតយើងគ្រាន់ចង់បញ្ជាក់ថាគាត់ជាជនខ្មែរហើយកាន់សាសនាព្រះពុទ្ធ។ ដូចគ្នានេះ យើងអាចហៅជនជាតិខ្មែរដែលកាន់សាសនាឥស្លាមថាជា “ខ្មែរមូស្លីម” ប៉ុន្តែមិនមែនជា “ខ្មែរឥស្លាម” បើយើងនិយាយតែពីជនជាតិខ្មែរកាន់សាស​នាឥស្លាម​។​

         នៅពេលដែលយើងហៅអ្នកកាន់សាសនាឥស្លាមនៅកម្ពុជាទាំងអស់ថាជា “ខ្មែរឥស្លាម”​ វាហាក់បង្ហាញថា យើងចង់លំបាត់ជនជាតិចាមដែលជាអ្នកកាន់សាសនាឥស្លាមមានចំនួនភាគច្រើនចោល។​ ជំនួសមកវិញ​ យើងអាចហៅគាត់ថាជា ចាមមូស្លីម​ ឬត្រឹមតែ(ជនជាតិ)ចាមក៏បាន។

​​​​​​         ពាក្យ “ខ្មែរឥស្លាម” ត្រូវបានលឺគេហៅចាប់តាំងពីទសវត្សរ៍ឆ្នាំ ៦០ ក្នុងរបបសង្គមរាស្រ្តនិយមដែលដឹកនាំដោយសម្តេចព្រះ​នរោត្តម សីហនុ។

         ស្មេរសង្ឃឹមយ៉ាង​មុតមាំថា នឹងឈប់មានការយល់ច្រឡំក្នុងការហៅ អ្នកកាន់សាសនាឥស្លាមនៅកម្ពុជារួមទាំងជនជាតិខ្មែរឬជនជាតិចាមជា “ខ្មែរឥស្លាម” តទៅទៀត៕

Young Kouy man is the author of his own destiny

By: Zahron Sokry

Bin Yan wrote a book named Win Fate, Create Miracle.

Coming from the humblest of backgrounds, Bin Yan, a member of the Kouy minority from Stung Treng province’s Thala Borivath district, has written a book in English to inspire young people who faced similar hardships to his own.

Smiling as he spoke, the 26-year-old said he spent a year writing “Win Fate, Create Miracle” to show foreigners that while he is not a native English-speaker, he can write sufficiently well for foreigners to read about his life.

“I wrote ‘Win Fate, Create Miracle’ because I have been through many obstacles in life,” Mr Yan said, adding that he wants to inspire youth, especially undergraduates and high school students, to keep at their studies, and to share some of his ideas about life with them.

Mr Yan said he had observed that some students lacked clear goals, so he hoped his book would help guide and motivate them not to give up on whatever tasks they set for themselves.

“Additionally, I wrote it because I wanted to improve my English and to show foreigners that Cambodian youth can write in English.”

He wrote the book with help from his friends and teachers, including a foreigner. Its contents are based 60 percent from his life; the rest are gleaned from the experiences of others, mostly successful people and great world leaders.

Mr Yan said he has loved reading from a very young age. He gets inspiration from what he reads and says books help him to write his own material and to set clear and ambitious goals in life.

Talking about his struggle to get a good education and overcome ignorance when he was young and living in his home village, Yan said he was looked down on by his relatives and siblings, who told him he would never be successful at school and called him “stupid.”

Despite these discouraging remarks, Mr Yan knew he was bright because he always got the top score in class. He knew he was not cut out for farming because he lacked the strength to work all day in the hot sun.

He constantly told himself he was destined for bigger things and that when he grew up he would have to build on the preparations he had already made.

The smile disappeared from Mr Yan’s face as he mentioned that his mother died when he was 2, and that later his father left to marry another woman. His life has been filled with challenges ever since.

As a minority villager in the eastern part of the country, Mr Yan didn’t get access to school until he was almost 10.

“To attend school, I had to walk 7 kilometers each way from Grade 3 until Grade 6,” he said, adding that he had to cross streams and canals, especially when it was raining.

“Sometimes I walked barefoot,” Mr Yan said, adding that although he has encountered countless difficulties in his life, he has never given up on his studies.

Mr Yan said his biggest motivation came from his primary school teacher, who was the only person who encouraged him.

Life on fishing boats for Cham Muslims in Phnom Penh is a cycle of poverty.

By: Zahron Sokry

Life on fishing boats for Cham Muslims in Phnom Penh is a cycle of poverty.

The scene on the riverside near a five-star hotel opposite the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh is picturesque, with hundreds of fishing boats lining the bank, but life is hard for the poor Cham ethnic community which lives on the vessels.

Sitting on the ground not far from her boat with her fellow fishermen and women, a 52-year-old widow said in more than three decades on the boat her life had become worse and worse after losing her beloved husband almost 20 years ago.

Mat Slamah, one of thousands of poor Cham Muslim people living on the boats, said there were no words to describe how hard her life was without land or a proper home.

Speaking in a low tone, Ms Slamah admitted that she had borrowed money from a loan shark at a high interest rate to buy fishing gear.

Since becoming the breadwinner of her family of five who have lived on the boat since birth, Ms Slamah has failed to overcome the constant hardship and poverty.

“Sometimes I cannot endure this severe hardship and handle it smoothly,” she said. “If I have just a small plot of land, I could build a hut to live in and do something. I think it might be better than this.”

Despite knowing the loans they get are at interest rates not allowed under Islamic law, Ms Slamah and some other fishermen have no choice but to take the money because of their severe financial hardship.

Fellow fisherman Nes Ly appeared to be annoyed when being asked about taking out loans. Mr Ly seemed reluctant to answer questions on a personal issue which people considered a secret.

Standing opposite the Sokha Hotel ferry, the 54-year-old turned his face toward his fishing boat and said in a low voice that he and his wife had taken loans from a moneylender at 10 percent monthly interest for daily expenses because fishing was banned in this season.

“This year is more difficult than previous years, since I cannot find fish even for my family to cook,” he said. “It is not because of the ban by fishery officers; I think that there is not much fish left in the water.”

Fisherman Math Yousof, 42, said that from June to November, most fishermen earn nothing.

Their difficulties are not only financial. They face anxious times on their boats when there are rainstorms and big waves, especially at night, he said.

“I stay awake, keep myself vigilant and let the children sleep,” he said. “When there is strong wind with heavy rain, they also get wet, as my boat is small and I have six children staying with me.”

“It is very hard to live as a fisherman with nothing besides a small boat,” he added.

His family situation was terrible because his wife fell ill and he had no money to bring her to hospital.

As her condition worsened he decided to take a loan from a moneylender to take her to hospital for treatment.

Community representative Y Yousof said his community had 250 families but only 66 families were under his legal control.

“I cannot leave them behind and live a better life alone. I have to help them because they are also my brothers and sisters in faith,” he said.

The 66 families have better livelihoods and they take no loans from any institutions, he claimed.

He acknowledged that some families in his community took loans from moneylenders for daily expenses but he did not know the exact number since they were not under his legal control.

“Taking loans is a secret and a personal issue, so they do not report it to me because they may feel timid telling me that they take loans from moneylenders for daily expenses,” he said.

Few families told him about the loans, and they knew it was prohibited under Islamic law.

A fisherman since the age of seven, Mr Yousof said the condition of people in his community was one of poverty because the work was seasonal.

About 50 out of 250 families in the community lived in extreme poverty and were in an even worse situation when they could not go fishing, he said.

Most fishermen living around the riverside heavily rely on aid during the period when they cannot catch fish.

Mr Yousof, 57, called on the government and NGOs to help his community.

He said he received aid from Red Cross Cambodia once, about a month before the commune elections.

“The Red Cross Cambodia granted me 1,240 family aid packages, but I took only 250 for the families of people living here, and the rest I gave to other communities,” he said.

The aid from Red Cross Cambodia was just a temporary solution for people in his community, and they still suffer hardship, he said.

He said his community could get massive help from Islamic NGOs and Malaysian Muslim people during Ramadan, the holy fasting month in Islam.

Ms Slamah said she could fast happily during Ramadan because she got some help from donors.“Even though I cannot earn anything in the month of Ramadan, I am not facing difficulty like I am now. I am grateful to receive the help,” she said.

She asked donors to continue helping people in the community.

Mr Yousof would like the government to grant his people plots of land to create a village, build a mosque and a school for children.

He said he and the people in his community could live in huts and plant crops if they had a plot of land. Life could be easier if they got off the boats, he said.

See also in Khmer Time: http://www.khmertimeskh.com/5078751/cham-river-life-picture-perfect-poverty/